Yanditswe na Ndayisaba Jean de Dieu.
Ubwiyongere bw’imodoka n’amapikipiki mu mijyi ikura umunsi ku wundi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zitandura ku bayituye ndetse n’abayigenda bitewe n’imyotsi ivuburwa n’ibyo binyabiziga yifitemo uburozi bushobora kwangiza inzira z’ubuhumekero bikaba byanatera indwara zidakira.
Gutera imbere kw’abatuye ndetse n’abagenda mu mijyi bijyana no kugura ibinyabiziga, byaba ibyo bagendamo ndetse n’ibikoreshwa mu bwikorezi bw’ibicuruza.
Uku kwiyongera kw’ibinyabiziga ku mpamvu zitandukanye gutera ubwiyongere bwo guhumana kw’ikirere ibyo binyabiziga bigendamo cyane cyane mu mijyi kuko imyosi bisohora igira uruhare runaka mu guhumana kw’ikirere.
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO) rivuga ko ikirere cyanduye bitewe n’ingano ya PM (particulate matter) ziba ziri muri meterokibe imwe (1m3) aho izi PM nazo zitandukanywa bitewe n’ubunini bwazo hakabaho PM2.5 ndetse na PM1O.
Adolphe NDIKUBWIMANA Atuhire umwarimu muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda akanayobora agashami ka environmental health science avuga ko biba bibi ku buzima bw’umuntu iyo mu mwuka ahumetse harimo utwo duce duto cyane kurusha utundi, mu yandi mgambo, PM z’ingo ntoya (pm2.5) kuko ari two twinjira mu mwuka duhume ku buryo bworoshye.
Agira, ati “PM zigira ingano zitandukanye niyo mpamvu tuvuga ngo mp2.5 na mp10, ubufite ingano ntoya nibwo bubi kuko bugira ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mwuka,iyo uhumetse umwuka urimo utwo duce duto bivuze ngo natwo uraduhumeka, nguko rero uko indwara z’ubuhumekero zitangira.”
Inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’umutima akaba umuyobozi w’umuryango ubumbatiye hamwe imiryango itari iya reta irwanya indwara zitandura mu Rwanda (Rwanda NCD Alliance) Prof Joseph MUCUMBITSI avuga ko umwotsi imodoka n’amapikipiki bisohora ushobora gutera umuntu uwuhumetse indwara zitandura zitandukanye.
Ati “Ibintu byose by’imyotsi birimo ibintu bitandukanye bishobora gutuma haba indwara zimwe na zimwe mu mubiri. Izari zizwi kuva kera ni indwara zo mu buhumekero zatuma urwara ibyo gusemeka, zatuma uko ugenda ukura azagira ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka uhagije ariko icyagaragaye vuba aha ni uko bishobora gutera indwara z’umutima.”
Yongeyeho ati “Imyanya yo mu mubiri irakorana iyo urwaye mu bihaha kenshi bigera aho bituma n’umutima udakora neza, iyo umutima udakora neza bishobora kukuviramo ibibazo byo mu buhumekero, ibibazo by’impyiko, ibibazo by’umwijima, imyanya yose yo mu mubiri igira ukuntu ikorana”.
Kuri mwarimu Adolphe ukuriye agashami ka environmental health science muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda, asanga hari ibyakorwa mu kugabanya kwandura kw’ikirere cyo mu mijyi n’ubwo kuri we abona hari ingamba zakumvikana nk’izigoye gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Akomeza avuga ko reta yagabanya imodoka z’abantu ku giti cyabo (private transport) hakavugururwa uburyo bwo gutwara abantu muri rusange (public transport), akongeraho ko gusuzuma ibinyabiziga (technical control) bigomba gushyirwamo imbaraga bityo imodoka zatangiye guhumanya ikirere zikajya zikurwa mu muhanda hakiyongeraho gukumira izanwa ry’imodoka zakozwe mbere ya 2000 kuko zihumanya ikirere cyane.
Mwalimu Adolph asanga habaye kongera ibiti n’ibyanya biharirwa ibimera mu mijyi byagira umumaro mu kugabanya kwandura kw’ikirere guturutse ku myotsi kuko ibyo biti bikenera umwuka wanduye mu gihe byo bisohora umwuka abantu bakenera.
Ati “Ikindi cy’ingenzi, ni ukwita ku bidukikije dufite, gutera amajaride (gardens) gutera ibiti, na ya myotsi nizamuka dufite ibyo bidukikije byazagira umumaro kuko ibiti byo uwo mwuka wanduye niwo bihumeka twe bikaduha umwuka dukeneye.”
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima WHO rivuga ko muri rusange umwimerere w’umwuka mu Rwanda utari mwiza kuko imibare ya vuba igaragaza ko impuzandengo yo kwandura k’umwuka mu Rwanda ku gipimo cya MP2.5 ari 43 μg/m3 mu gihe nibura bitakagombye kujya hejuru ya 10 µg/m3.
Iri shami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rivuga ko ibyanduza umwuka mu Rwanda ari imyotsi y’inganda, imyotsi irekurwa n’ibinyabiziga ndetse no gutwika ibyatsi n’amashyamba, mu gihe imibare ihari ikagaragaza ko umujyi wa Kigali ari ko gace gafite umwuka wanduye kurusha ahandi mu Rwanda.
